|
Common Blood Collection and Injection Sites
in Laboratory Animals
|
|
Animal
|
Blood Collection Site
|
Single Sample Volume***
|
Exsanguination Volume***
|
Blood Injection Site
|
| Mouse |
Heart*, tail vein or artery, orbital
sinus**, lateral saphenous vein |
0.2-0.3 ml |
1.0-1.5 ml |
Tail vein |
| Rat |
Heart*, saphenous vein, tail vein or
artery orbital plexus**, lateral saphenous vein |
2-3 ml |
8-12 ml |
Tail vein, saphenous vein |
| Guinea pig |
Heart*, saphenous vein, ear vein |
4-8 ml |
15-30 ml |
Anterior vena cava, saphenous vein |
| Hamster |
Heart*, orbital sinus** |
0.5-1.2 ml |
3-5 ml |
No practical IV sites |
| Gerbil |
Heart* |
0.5-1.0 ml |
2-4 ml |
No practical IV sites |
| Rabbit |
Heart*, marginal ear vein (small
amounts), auricular artery (large amounts) |
20-40 ml |
60-160 ml |
Jugular vein, marginal ear vein, cephalic vein,
saphenous vein |
| Cat |
Cephalic vein, jugular vein, femoral
vein, heart*, recurrent metatarsal vein |
- |
- |
Jugular vein, cephalic vein, femoral vein |
| Dog |
Cephalic vein, saphenous vein, femoral
vein, jugular vein, heart*, recurrent metatarsal
vein |
- |
- |
Jugular vein, cephalic vein, saphenous vein |
| Sheep |
Jugular vein |
- |
- |
Jugular vein |
| Pig |
Anterior vena cava, jugular vein, ear
vein |
- |
- |
Marginal ear vein |
* Heart puncture should be performed only on animals under
anesthesia. It is recommended only as a terminal
procedure.
** These techniques may require anesthesia under
procedures established by the Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committee.
***The Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents:
Harkness and Wagner
From
ALAT Training Manual, 1998 ed. AALAS.
|
Veterinary
Services
|
|
BLOOD REMOVAL
|
|
SPECIES
|
WHOLE BLOOD VOLUME ML/KG
2
|
% BODY WEIGHT
2
|
ANIMAL WEIGHT
2
|
APPROX. ABSOLUTE BLOOD VOLUMES PER WT.
2
|
AVAILABLE VOLUME WHEN BLED OUT ML/KG
3
|
MAXIMUM SAFE VOLUME AT ONE BLEEDING DURING LIFE
ML/KG
3
|
PRACTICABLE VOLUME FOR DIAGNOSTIC USE IN ML FROM
A NORMAL ADULT
3
|
| CAT |
56
|
5.6 |
4.5 KG |
300 ML |
35 |
7 |
1 |
| CATTLE |
60
|
- |
- |
- |
30 |
7 |
100 |
| CHICKEN |
60
|
- |
- |
- |
40 |
9 |
1 |
| DOG |
86
|
8.6 |
14 KG |
1200 ML |
45 |
9 |
2 |
| FERRET |
75
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| G. PIG |
75
|
7.5 |
90 G |
68 ML |
35 |
7 |
0.5 |
| GERBIL |
67
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| GOAT |
70
|
- |
- |
- |
30 |
7 |
20 |
| HAMSTER |
78
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| HORSE |
75
|
- |
- |
- |
40 |
8 |
100 |
| MOUSE |
79
|
- |
- |
- |
35 |
7 |
0.1 |
| PIG |
65
|
- |
- |
- |
25 |
6 |
10 |
| RABBIT |
56 (70)
|
5.5 |
3.2 KG |
180 ML |
35 |
7 |
1 |
| RAT |
64
|
6.4 |
300 G |
20 ML |
20 |
5 |
0.25 |
| SHEEP |
60
|
- |
- |
- |
25 |
6 |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1LAB ANIMALS (1993) 27, 1-22
|
| STRESS SHOULD BE CONTROLLED
IN ORDER NOT TO OBTAIN INACCURATE DATA |
RETRO-ORBITAL BLEEDING IS
ONLY ACCEPTABLE AS A TERMINAL PROCEDURE UNDER
ANEST.
EXCEPTION: SHOULD BE UNDER ANESTHESIA AND ONLY ONE
EYE |
| USE OF XYLENE TO DILATE THE
VEIN IS NOT RECOMMENDED AS IT CAUSES SKIN RASHES,
SLOUGHING, ETC. |
|
2
ILAR NEWS, VOL 31, NO. 4, FALL 1989
|
| 10% OF CIRCULATING BLOOD CAN
BE TAKEN EVERY 3-4 WEEKS WITHOUT HARM |
| 7.5% OF BLOOD VOLUME PER
WEEK WITHOUT HARM FOR RABBITS |
| 1% OF CIRCULATING BLOOD CAN
BE TAKEN EVERY 24 HOURS WITHOUT HARM |
| ANESTHESIA AFFECTS SPLEEN
CONTRACTION IN SOME ANIMALS LEADING TO INCREASED RBC,
PCV, AND Hb |
| SOME CAUSE RELAXATION SUCH
AS XYLAZINE, ACETYLPROMAZINE, DIAZEPAM, AND
BARBITURATES |
| SOME CAUSE CONTRACTION
INITIALLY AND LATER RELAXATION SO TIME OF COLLECTION
AFTER INJECTION IS IMPORTANT |
| ANIMALS HIGHLY REACTIVE -
CATS, DOGS, SHEEP, AND GOATS |
| ANIMALS WITH UNREACTIVE
SPLEENS - PRIMATES, BIRDS, REPTILES |
|
3
COMPARATIVE CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY (1977) ARCHER
& JEFFCOTT
|
| 0.5 ML/KG OF BLOOD IS
NORMALLY SAFE TO TAKE |
|
Veterinary Services
|
|
NORMAL HEMATOLOGICAL VALUES
1
|
|
SPECIES
|
PCV (%)
|
RBC (10
12
/L
|
Hb (G/DL)
|
RETICULOCYTE (% RBC)
|
WBC (10
9/L)
|
CLOTTING TIMES
(SECONDS)
|
| CAT |
30-50
|
6.0-10.0 |
4-14 |
0-1.0 |
5.5-19.5 |
- |
| CATTLE |
24-46
|
5-10 |
8-15 |
- |
4-12 |
- |
| CHICKEN |
23-55
|
23-55 |
1.25-4.5 |
7.0-18.6 |
9-31 |
- |
| DOG |
38-53
|
4.5-8.0 |
11-18 |
0-1.5 |
6.0-17.0 |
180 |
| FERRET |
35-51
|
11.3 |
12-17.4 |
- |
2.5-15.4 |
- |
| G. PIG |
35-42
|
4.5-7.0 |
11-17 |
1.8-6.1 |
10 |
- |
| GERBIL |
48
|
7.0-10.0 |
12-17 |
- |
4.3-21 |
- |
| GOAT |
29-38
|
13.0-18.0 |
8-14 |
- |
5.0-14.0 |
60-300 |
| HAMSTER |
39-59
|
4.0-10.0 |
2-30 |
- |
7.6 |
55 |
| MOUSE |
35-45
|
7.7-12.5 |
10-20 |
3.3-13.3 |
8 |
120-600 |
| PIG |
30-50
|
5.0-9.0 |
10-16 |
- |
7.0-20.0 |
60-300 |
| RABBIT |
30-50
|
4.5-7.0 |
8-15 |
2.9-8.0 |
9 |
60-360 |
| RAT |
35-45
|
7.2-9.6 |
12-18 |
1.7-21.1 |
14 |
20 |
| SHEEP |
29-38
|
8.0-14.0 |
10-12 |
- |
4.0-12.0 |
60-300 |
|
Emergency Information
